Blooming landscapes? Only with biodiversity!

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What do chocolate, carrots and tequila have in common? What sounds like the ingredients for an experimental cocktail are foods that would not exist without certain animal species. They are examples of how nature works for us every day, often behind the scenes.

Landscape elements create new habitats and are important for restoring biodiversity © Andrés Verdezoto, GIZ

By NABU

NABU (Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union) is committed to biodiversity and the protection of intact habitats, fresh air, clean water, healthy soil, and the careful use of our finite resources. It is the oldest and, with more than 900,000 members and supporters, and largest environmental association in Germany.

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Fascinating biological processes are responsible for the rich diet that we often take for granted. Despite its dependence, agriculture often has a negative impact on nature with its diversity of species, habitats and genes - in short, biodiversity. This problem - and what we can do about it - is the focus of the NABU (Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union) stand at this year's Green Week. The focus will be on Germany, Tanzania and Indonesia, with different challenges and solutions, sometimes playful, sometimes serious - from a biodiversity wobble tower to an exciting quiz and relaxing forest bathing.

 

How biodiversity secures our food supply

 

80 percent of all wild plants and crops are pollinated by insects and are partly dependent on certain species. For example, two species of bearded midge are responsible for pollinating a large proportion of the world's cocoa trees and are therefore the world's true suppliers of chocolate. In our latitudes, hoverflies are among the silent heroes, as it is only with their help that carrot seeds are produced. The larvae eat pests such as aphids and thus carry out natural pest control.  

 

Contrary to the perception of humans as "managers", food production is based on the interaction between plants, animals and microorganisms.

 

But there is also a lot going on beneath the earth's surface. Billions of microorganisms, such as worms and insect larvae, live in our soil. Together with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, they decompose organic matter, build up humus and make the soil fertile. A single gram of soil already contains 100 million bacteria from up to 7,000 species. This biodiversity is a basic prerequisite for productive agriculture. Humus-rich soils also store large amounts of CO2, retain water in the landscape and are less susceptible to erosion.

 

Germany's fields are becoming increasingly poor in nature

 

Over the last few decades, politicians have driven the intensification of agriculture ever further with their regulations. The excessive use of fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides, heavy agricultural machinery and intensive soil cultivation have significantly increased yields - at the expense of biodiversity. The transformation of the agricultural landscape has destroyed original habitats and led to an increasing standardization of the landscape.

 

The lack of structural diversity makes it difficult for native species to find suitable habitats, retreats or food.

 

This can be seen in the dramatic decline in breeding birds, e.g. in lapwings by 81 percent and partridges by 88 percent since 1990. These practices have also had a negative impact on below-ground biodiversity: 61 percent of all soils in the EU are in a poor condition and the humus content in the soil in Germany is also decreasing every year.

 

What solutions are out there?

 

Landscape elements (e.g. hedges, flower strips and stone walls) create new habitats and are important for restoring biodiversity as a refuge and feeding ground for many species. To protect biodiversity, we must reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides and work the soil more carefully - especially in protected areas and adjacent agricultural land. Proven nature-friendly cultivation systems such as organic farming must be promoted by federal policy, as provided for in the organic strategy of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. NABU will be using studies available to visitors at the stand to show that such measures can be implemented without reducing crop yields. It is now up to politicians to set the appropriate framework conditions.

 

Looking beyond the horizon: How NGOs in Africa and Asia are reducing conflicts of interest between nature conservation and agriculture

 

While the focus in Germany is on alternatives to conventional, intensive agriculture, the situation is different in other countries around the world. The effects of the climate crisis are already exacerbating poor harvests in many African countries with heavy weather phenomena such as heavy rainfall, frost and extreme dry spells.

 

The already high levels of poverty are further exacerbated by these crop failures and the pressure on natural resources is growing.

 

Ich bin ein Alternativtext
The NABU Biodiversity Campaign sets a colorful statement © NABU

From East Africa, we turn our attention to Southeast Asia.Here, too, the destruction of nature has a direct negative impact on local people.In the coastal communities of Gorontalo on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, 60 percent of the original mangrove forests have already been destroyed to make way for aquaculture. Yet mangroves are crucial to the livelihoods of local fishing families, as they provide a refuge for juvenile fish, keep sediments and nutrients out of the sea and protect the coasts from erosion as sea levels rise. NABU is also active here with a project that brings together all relevant interest groups to reconcile mangrove protection and sustainable management.

 

Curious? The NABU experts at stand 107 are looking forward to a lively exchange on the topics of agriculture, food and biodiversity in Germany and beyond.

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The fight against illegal fishing

A Report

The oceans are important for our food supply, but they are overfished. To halt this trend the global community is now taking action against illegal fishing. Journalist Jan Rübel spoke with Francesco Marí, a specialist for world food, agricultural trade and maritime policy at "Brot für die Welt," and others.

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Lush green hills stretch across the Chunati Wildlife Reserve in Bangladesh, showcasing vibrant natural beauty. | © GIZ

Working with nature for diversity in farming, climate protection and empowerment

Ein Beitrag von Friederike Bauer

Germany joins the international Agroecology Coalition, reinforcing its commitment to fair, sustainable agriculture and ensuring the future viability of rural areas. By adopting a holistic approach, agroecology is helping to address the greatest challenges of our time: protecting the climate, combating hunger and preserving biodiversity.

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Attendees engage in a discussion around a large table at the UNFSS event, with colorful decor adorning the wooden walls.

The UNFSS Stocktaking – shadow and a little light

A Contribution by Harry Hoffmann (TMG) & Nathalie Demel (WHH)

At the halfway mark of the 2030 Agenda and two years after the UN Food System Summit 2021, a stocktaking moment was held in Rome to analyze the progress of countries on the commitments to action in transforming food systems. Dr Harry Hoffmann, TMG Think Tank, and Nathalie Demel, Welthungerhilfe, were on site and take stock as well.

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Young corn plants thrive in a sunlit field near Kisumu, Kenya, showcasing vibrant green growth.

The Insect Whisperer

A Contribution by Jan Rübel and Zain Jafar

Agriculture is coming under pressure worldwide: bacteria, viruses and insects are causing problems for crops. In Palestine, Dr. Rana Samara from the Palestinian Academy of Science and Technology is researching solutions to the problem. And she finds them in nature itself.

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A hand selects ripe cocoa pods from a pile on the forest floor in Côte d'Ivoire.

Nature conservation around the world

A Contribution by WWF

From measures to promote biodiversity in Germany to more sustainable cocoa cultivation methods in Ecuador: WWF works at many different levels. At the Green Week, it will be demonstrated just how multifaceted nature conservation work is and what role each individual's decision plays.

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Workers harvest cocoa pods in a lush green plantation, with one person pouring a basket of pods onto a pile.

Guide to a Sustainable Cocoa Sector

A Contribution by Jens Busma

The Federal Ministry ofor Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) presented a revised version of the 10-Point Plan for a sustainable cocoa sector. The plan takes into account new supply chain legislations and current developments. A particular focus is paid to a living incomes, responsible purchasing practices and ecological and climate-friendly cocoa cultivation.

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Participants engage in discussions during the SOILution P4C conference, with speakers addressing the audience from a stage.

Elevating Soil Health for a Sustainable Future

A Contribution by Kah Walla

In May, this year's "Partners for Change – SOILutions for a Food Secure, Resilient, and Sustainable Future" conference took place. Kah Walla, Moderator of the Conference and Director of Strategies!, summarises the discussions and declares that healthy soils are not just the foundation of agriculture, but the cornerstone of a resilient, equitable, and climate-smart future.

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(c) Caritas San Miguel

The human finca

Interview with Marvin Antonio Garcia Otero

In Eastern El Salvador, campesinos are cultivating a self-image to encourage rural youth to remain in rural areas. With help from Caritas, they have adjusted the cultivation methods to their soils and traditions - Marvin Antonio Garcia Otero,the deputy director of Caritas of the Diocese of San Miguel believes this is the best way to prevent rural exodus and criminality.

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A group of people work together in a lush vegetable field under a clear blue sky.

"Agriculture can become a job engine"

Interview with Reiner Klingholz

How can agriculture modernise Africa? And does the road to the cities really lead out of poverty? Dr. Reiner Klingholz from the Berlin Institute for Population and Development in conversation with Jan Rübel .

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A woman smiles while carrying a basket of plants in a lush garden, surrounded by vibrant greenery and trees.

The hype about urban gardening: farmers or hobby gardeners?

A contribution by Stig Tanzmann

Urban gardening is becoming increasingly popular in northern metropoles. People who consider themselves part of a green movement are establishing productive gardens in the city, for example on rooftops or in vacant lots. In severely impoverished regions of the global South, urban agriculture is a component of the food strategy.

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A woman presents agricultural produce to a seated group outside, near a house, emphasizing community engagement.

"The Green Revolution reaches its limits"

Interview with Stig Tanzmann (BfdW)

Stig Tanzmann is a farmer and adviser on agricultural issues at ‘Bread for the World’. Jan Rübel interviewed him about his reservations about AGRA's strategy.

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(c) dpa Picture-Alliance
Heuschreckenplage im Hochland von Madagaskar.

Actual Analysis: The locusts came with the crises

A report by Bettina Rudloff and Annette Weber (SWP)

The Corona-Virus exacerbates existing crises through conflict, climate, hunger and locusts in East Africa and the Horn of Africa. What needs to be done in these regions? To face these challenges for many countries, all of these crises need to be captured in their regional context.

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A young person collects water from a small pit in a dry landscape, with a donkey carrying containers nearby.

The North bears the responsibility, the South bears the burden

A report by Susanne Neubert (SLE)

Adaptation to climate change can be achieved by making agriculture more environmentally sustainable – if the rich countries also reduce their emissions

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A group of people and cattle walk through a lush green field near traditional huts, showcasing agricultural biodiversity.

Biodiversity and agriculture – rivalry or a new friendship?

A contribution by Irene Hoffmann (FAO)

In this article, the author describes what we know about interlinkages, what role agriculture has to play in the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity, and what the necessary changes in agricultural systems might look like, both on small and large-scale farms.

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A group of people in colorful attire gather around a rabbit hutch in a rural setting, discussing bushmeat alternatives.

Engaging the Community to Solve the Bushmeat Crisis

A Contribution by the Forestry Research Institute Nigeria

The 'Domestication of Small Monogastric and Ruminant Animals' (DSMR) project led by a Nigerian research institute works with local communities to solve the bushmeat crisis.

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A woman in traditional attire processes compost in a rural Indian setting, highlighting sustainable agriculture practices.

How to Enhance Soil Organic Carbon – Uniting Traditional and Innovative Practices

A Contribution by GIZ

Indian farmers restore precious soil material combining traditional with innovative approaches. A case example how governance, agriculture and development cooperation can work together to combat climate change.

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A dry, barren cornfield stretches towards distant mountains, illustrating the severe drought conditions of 2022.

Building climate-resilient and equitable food systems: Why we need agroecology

Agroecological methods target diversity and resilience and can thus promote the protection of forests, water and soil. Julia Tomalka and Christoph Gornott, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), on the potential of agroecology to safeguard against climate change and build resilient agri-food system.

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Lush green foliage thrives in a dense, vibrant display of biodiversity in a tropical jungle setting.

New UN Biodiversity Agreement

A Contribution by Rural 21

Nations adopted four goals and 23 targets for 2030 to foster biodiversity conservation and counter acceleration in the global rate of species extinction at the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15).

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Two people work in a lush green field with a mountainous backdrop, emphasizing sustainable farming.

Why biodiversity is important for climate protection & food security - and vice versa

The world is facing major challenges that need to be solved. We need to feed an ever-growing population, bring climate change under control and stop the loss of biodiversity. Martina Fleckenstein, Director of Global Policy at WWF, on what is expected from the climate conference in terms of biodiversity and biodiversity conservation.

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